[아이티윌 오라클 DBA 과정 91기] 260112 TIL
2026. 1. 13. 18:15ㆍCourses/아이티윌 오라클 DBA 과정
백업 종류
- Whole(모든 데이터 파일, 컨트롤 파일, (리두 로그 파일, 초기 파라미터 파일, 패스워드 파일) 백업) ↔ Partial(특정 파일만 테이블스페이스, 데이터파일 레벨로 백업)
- Close(모든 파일의 SCN이 동일, 일관성 있는 백업) ↔ Open(파일 별로 SCN이 다를 수 있음, 일관성 없는 백업)
- Full(변경 여부에 상관없이 대상 데이터 파일의 모든 데이터 블록 백업) ↔ Incremental(이전 백업 이후 변경이 발생한 데이터 블록만 백업)
Incremental Level Backup
- 이전 incremental backup 백업 된 이후에 변경된 블록에 대해서만 백업 수행
- 장애 발생 시 Archive Log 대신 백업본을 순차적으로 적용
- 회사 정책에 따라 일정 기간만큼 백업을 받으면 지금까지 변경된 블록을 모두 모아서 머지함(cumulative) → 복구 시 적용해야 하는 백업본 수를 줄일 수 있음
- 백업 레벨
level 0: full backup과 동일level 1: 유형은 differential, cumulative 중 하나
- 백업 유형
differential: 최근 incremental backup 이후에 변경된 블록을 백업하는 incremental backup의 기본 유형cumulative: level 0에서 백업 이후 변경된 모든 블록을 백업
- 예시
- level 0에서 incremental backup(full backup)
- 매주 일요일에는 레벨 0으로 백업 수행 :
backup incremental level 0 database;
- 매주 일요일에는 레벨 0으로 백업 수행 :
- level 1에서 incremental backup(differential incremental)
- 월, 화, 목, 금, 토 :
backup incremental level 1 database;
- 월, 화, 목, 금, 토 :
- level 1에서 incremental backup(cumulative incremental)
- 수 :
backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;
- 수 :
- level 0에서 incremental backup(full backup)
- 장점
- full backup 보다 공간을 덜 차지하고 백업 수행 속도가 덜 걸림
- 변경된 블록에 대해서만 백업을 받기 때문에 저장 공간 적음
- incremental backup을 사용한 recovery는 리두 로그 파일을 사용하여 변경 사항을 적용하는 것보다 빠름
- redo는 전체에 대한 변경 정보를 가지고 있음 → 복구에 필요한 정보를 찾는 작업이 필요
- 특정 데이터 파일 백업은 해당 데이터 파일에 대한 변경 사항만 가지고 있기 때문에 기존 복구 방식보다 복구 시간을 줄일 수 있음
- full backup 보다 공간을 덜 차지하고 백업 수행 속도가 덜 걸림
Block Change Tracking
- 블록 변경 사항 추적 파일에 변경된 블록의 주소를 기록
- CTWR(Change Tracking Writer)
- CTWR 활성화된 경우 RMAN에 의해 자동으로 사용됨
- 백업 중에 데이터 파일 전체를 스캔하지 않도록 incremental backup 최적화
Blcok Change Tracking 기능 활성화 여부 조회
SYS@ora19c> col filename format a50
SYS@ora19c> select filename, bytes, status from v$block_change_tracking;
FILENAME BYTES STATUS
----------------------------------- ---------- ----------
DISABLED활성화
SYS@ora19c> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt';
Database altered.
-- alert log
2026-01-12T11:41:49.351466+09:00
alter database enable block change tracking using file '/home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt'
2026-01-12T11:41:49.387788+09:00
Block change tracking file is current.
starting change tracking :1
Starting background process CTWR
2026-01-12T11:41:49.456216+09:00
CTWR started with pid=53, OS id=20514
2026-01-12T11:41:49.512068+09:00
Block change tracking service is active.
Completed: alter database enable block change tracking using file '/home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt'
SYS@ora19c> select filename, bytes, status from v$block_change_tracking;
FILENAME BYTES STATUS
-------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
/home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt 11599872 ENABLED
SYS@ora19c> ! ls -lh /home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 12M Jan 12 11:39 /home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt
SYS@ora19c> ! ps -ef | grep ctwr
oracle 20238 1 0 11:37 ? 00:00:00 ora_ctwr_ora19c
oracle 20400 20062 0 11:40 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c ps -ef | grep ctwr
oracle 20402 20400 0 11:40 pts/2 00:00:00 grep ctwr비활성화
SYS@ora19c> alter database disable block change tracking;
Database altered.
-- alert log
2026-01-12T11:40:51.510308+09:00
alter database disable block change tracking
2026-01-12T11:40:51.528852+09:00
stopping change tracking
2026-01-12T11:40:51.529942+09:00
Block change tracking service stopping.
Stopping background process CTWR
2026-01-12T11:40:52.585610+09:00
Deleted file /home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt
Completed: alter database disable block change tracking
SYS@ora19c> select filename, bytes, status from v$block_change_tracking;
FILENAME BYTES STATUS
-------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
DISABLED
SYS@ora19c> ! ls -lh /home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt
ls: cannot access /home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt: No such file or directory
SYS@ora19c> ! ps -ef | grep ctwr
oracle 20466 20062 0 11:41 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c ps -ef | grep ctwr
oracle 20468 20466 0 11:41 pts/2 00:00:00 grep ctwr현재 상태 조회
RMAN> report schema;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORA19C
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 910 SYSTEM YES /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 720 SYSAUX NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 340 UNDOTBS1 YES /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 5 USERS NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 32 TEMP 32767 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/temp01.dbf
RMAN> list backup;
specification does not match any backup in the repositoryIncremental Backup Level 0
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database;
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=32 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T114311 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222342998_np8qy6v6_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Incr 0 1.26G DISK 00:00:06 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T114311
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T114318
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222342998_np8qy6v6_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2868218 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26- Type이
Incr로 나옴
백업 데이터 파일 정보 조회
SYS@ora19c> select file#, incremental_level, completion_time, blocks, datafile_blocks, used_change_tracking from v$backup_datafile;
FILE# INCREMENTAL_LEVEL COMPLETIO BLOCKS DATAFILE_BLOCKS USE
---------- ----------------- --------- ---------- --------------- ---
1 0 12-JAN-26 101599 116480 YES
3 0 12-JAN-26 62730 92160 YES
4 0 12-JAN-26 197 43520 YES
7 0 12-JAN-26 317 640 YES
0 12-JAN-26 646 646 NO- 0번 파일은 컨트롤 파일 → Incremental backup을 하더라도 컨트롤 파일은 full로 받음
테이블 생성
SYS@ora19c> create table hr.inc_emp tablespace users as select * from hr.employees;
Table created.- ctas로 생성했기 때문에
inc_emp세그먼트 안의 모든 블록 헤더의 SCN은 동일
SYS@ora19c> insert into hr.inc_emp select * from hr.inc_emp;
107 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> /
...
27392 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@ora19c> ! ls -lh /home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 12M Jan 12 12:09 /home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txtIncremental Backup Level 1
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T121055 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222344656_np8sl0fp_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Incr 0 1.26G DISK 00:00:06 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T114311
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T114318
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222342998_np8qy6v6_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2868218 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 Incr 1 16.16M DISK 00:00:01 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T121055
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 3
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T121056
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222344656_np8sl0fp_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2870892 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26SYS@ora19c> select file#, incremental_level, completion_time, blocks, datafile_blocks, used_change_tracking from v$backup_datafile;
FILE# INCREMENTAL_LEVEL COMPLETIO BLOCKS DATAFILE_BLOCKS USE
---------- ----------------- --------- ---------- --------------- ---
1 0 12-JAN-26 101599 116480 YES
3 0 12-JAN-26 62730 92160 YES
4 0 12-JAN-26 197 43520 YES
7 0 12-JAN-26 317 640 YES
0 12-JAN-26 646 646 NO
1 1 12-JAN-26 61 116480 YES
3 1 12-JAN-26 1138 92160 YES
4 1 12-JAN-26 280 43520 YES
7 1 12-JAN-26 581 1120 YES
0 12-JAN-26 646 646 NO
10 rows selected.- 변경된 블록에 대해서만 백업
장애 유발 : users01.dbf 삭제
SYS@ora19c> ! rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
SYS@ora19c> ! ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf: No such file or directory복구
RMAN> alter database datafile 7 offline;
Statement processed
RMAN> restore datafile 7;
Starting restore at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T114311
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 12-JAN-26
RMAN> recover datafile 7;
Starting recover at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T121055
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 12-JAN-26
RMAN> alter database datafile 7 online;
Statement processed
RMAN> select count(*) from hr.inc_emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
54784- Level 0 Backupset :
o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp→ restore 시 사용 - Level 1 Backupset :
o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp→ recover 시 사용
다시 수행
데이터 입력
SYS@ora19c> insert into hr.inc_emp select * from hr.inc_emp;
...
219136 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@ora19c> select count(*) from hr.inc_emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
438272backup incremental level 1
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T134603_np8z4gpo_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T134603 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222350370_np8z4lvq_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Incr 0 1.26G DISK 00:00:06 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T114311
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T114318
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222342998_np8qy6v6_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2868218 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 Incr 1 16.16M DISK 00:00:01 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T121055
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 3
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T121056
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222344656_np8sl0fp_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2870892 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
5 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 5 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T122602
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222345562_np8tgbn3_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2871512 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
6 Incr 1 44.84M DISK 00:00:04 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T134603
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T134603_np8z4gpo_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 6
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2877437 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2877437 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2877437 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2877437 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T134610
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222350370_np8z4lvq_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2877449 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26- 새롭게 받은 Level 1 Backupset :
o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T134603_np8z4gpo_.bkp
장애 유발
SYS@ora19c> ! rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf복구 수행
RMAN> alter database datafile 7 offline;
Statement processed
RMAN> restore datafile 7;
Starting restore at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T114311
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 12-JAN-26
# o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp (level 0 backup)
RMAN> recover datafile 7;
Starting recover at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T121055
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T134603_np8z4gpo_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T134603_np8z4gpo_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T134603
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 12-JAN-26
# o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp (첫번째 level 1 backup)
# o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T134603_np8z4gpo_.bkp (두번째 level 1 backup)
RMAN> alter database datafile 7 online;
Statement processed
RMAN> select count(*) from hr.inc_emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
493056
Incremental Backup Level 1 Cumulative
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T135330_np8zld4o_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T135330 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222350813_np8zlfsg_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Incr 0 1.26G DISK 00:00:06 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T114311
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 0 Incr 2868206 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T114318
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222342998_np8qy6v6_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2868218 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 Incr 1 16.16M DISK 00:00:01 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T121055
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 3
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2870883 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T121056
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222344656_np8sl0fp_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2870892 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
5 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 5 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T122602
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222345562_np8tgbn3_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2871512 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
6 Incr 1 44.84M DISK 00:00:04 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T134603
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T134603_np8z4gpo_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 6
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2877437 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2877437 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2877437 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2877437 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T134610
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222350370_np8z4lvq_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2877449 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
8 Incr 1 100.38M DISK 00:00:02 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 8 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T135330
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T135330_np8zld4o_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 8
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2877969 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2877969 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2877969 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2877969 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
9 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 9 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T135333
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222350813_np8zlfsg_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2877979 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
- Level 1 cumulative Backupset :
o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T135330_np8zld4o_.bkp
장애 유발
SYS@ora19c> ! rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf복구 수행
RMAN> alter database datafile 7 offline;
Statement processed
RMAN> restore datafile 7;
Starting restore at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T114311
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 12-JAN-26
# o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp (level 0 backup)
RMAN> recover datafile 7;
Starting recover at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T135330_np8zld4o_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T135330_np8zld4o_.bkp tag=TAG20260112T135330
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 12-JAN-26
# o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T135330_np8zld4o_.bkp (level 1 cumulative backup)
-- alert log
2026-01-12T13:57:40.465408+09:00
alter database recover datafile list clear
Completed: alter database recover datafile list clear
alter database recover
if needed datafile 7
2026-01-12T13:57:40.468233+09:00
Media Recovery Start
2026-01-12T13:57:40.468304+09:00
Serial Media Recovery started
2026-01-12T13:57:40.496747+09:00
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 33 Reading mem 0
Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/redo02.log
2026-01-12T13:57:40.520461+09:00
Media Recovery Complete (ora19c)
Completed: alter database recover
if needed datafile 7
RMAN> alter database datafile 7 online;
Statement processed원상 복구
hr.inc_emp 테이블 삭제
SYS@ora19c> drop table hr.inc_emp purge;
Table dropped.백업 삭제
RMAN> delete backup;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
1 1 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp
2 2 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222342998_np8qy6v6_.bkp
3 3 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp
4 4 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222344656_np8sl0fp_.bkp
5 5 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222345562_np8tgbn3_.bkp
6 6 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T134603_np8z4gpo_.bkp
7 7 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222350370_np8z4lvq_.bkp
8 8 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T135330_np8zld4o_.bkp
9 9 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222350813_np8zlfsg_.bkp
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20260112T114311_np8qxzpp_.bkp RECID=1 STAMP=1222342991
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222342998_np8qy6v6_.bkp RECID=2 STAMP=1222342998
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T121055_np8skzso_.bkp RECID=3 STAMP=1222344655
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222344656_np8sl0fp_.bkp RECID=4 STAMP=1222344656
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222345562_np8tgbn3_.bkp RECID=5 STAMP=1222345562
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T134603_np8z4gpo_.bkp RECID=6 STAMP=1222350366
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222350370_np8z4lvq_.bkp RECID=7 STAMP=1222350370
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20260112T135330_np8zld4o_.bkp RECID=8 STAMP=1222350812
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222350813_np8zlfsg_.bkp RECID=9 STAMP=1222350813
Deleted 9 objects
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
Report of files with less than 1 redundant backups
File #bkps Name
---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------
1 0 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 0 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 0 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 0 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf태그 지정해서 백업
압축해서 백업 및 태그 지정
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 database tag='incremental_0';
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCREMENTAL_0_np90bztc_.bkp tag=INCREMENTAL_0 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351634_np90d2xl_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
10 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 10 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T140632
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351592_np90brlg_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2878724 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
11 Incr 0 310.48M DISK 00:00:34 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 11 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCREMENTAL_0_np90bztc_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 11
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 0 Incr 2878739 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 0 Incr 2878739 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 0 Incr 2878739 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 0 Incr 2878739 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
12 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 12 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T140714
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351634_np90d2xl_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2878759 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26hr.inc_emp 테이블 생성 및 데이터 입력
SYS@ora19c> create table hr.inc_emp tablespace users as select * from hr.employees;
Table created.
SYS@ora19c> insert into hr.inc_emp select * from hr.inc_emp;
107 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> /
214 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> commit;
Commit complete.incremental 백업 1-1
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database tag='incremental_1_1';
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCREMENTAL_1_1_np90mpch_.bkp tag=INCREMENTAL_1_1 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351879_np90mqdy_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26데이터 입력 2
SYS@ora19c> insert into hr.inc_emp select * from hr.inc_emp;
428 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> /
856 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> commit;
Commit complete.incremental 백업 1-2
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database tag='incremental_1_2';
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCREMENTAL_1_2_np90nqyk_.bkp tag=INCREMENTAL_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351913_np90ns3k_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
데이터 입력 3
SYS@ora19c> insert into hr.inc_emp select * from hr.inc_emp;
1712 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> /
3424 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> commit;
Commit complete.incremental cumulative 백업
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database tag='cumulative_1';
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_CUMULATIVE_1_np90r37b_.bkp tag=CUMULATIVE_1 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222352020_np90r4cj_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26SYS@ora19c> ! ls -lh /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/*
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 311M Jan 12 14:07 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCREMENTAL_0_np90bztc_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.5M Jan 12 14:13 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_CUMULATIVE_1_np90r37b_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 904K Jan 12 14:11 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCREMENTAL_1_1_np90mpch_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 312K Jan 12 14:11 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCREMENTAL_1_2_np90nqyk_.bkp장애 유발 : users01.dbf 삭제
SYS@ora19c> ! rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf복구 수행
RMAN> alter database datafile 7 offline;
Statement processed
RMAN> restore datafile 7;
Starting restore at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCREMENTAL_0_np90bztc_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCREMENTAL_0_np90bztc_.bkp tag=INCREMENTAL_0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 12-JAN-26
# o1_mf_nnnd0_INCREMENTAL_0_np90bztc_.bkp tag=INCREMENTAL_0
RMAN> recover datafile 7;
Starting recover at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_CUMULATIVE_1_np90r37b_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_CUMULATIVE_1_np90r37b_.bkp tag=CUMULATIVE_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 12-JAN-26
# o1_mf_nnnd1_CUMULATIVE_1_np90r37b_.bkp tag=CUMULATIVE_1
RMAN> alter database datafile 7 online;
Statement processed
- cumulative 백업본으로 recover 수행함
특정 태그 백업본 조회
RMAN> list backup tag 'CUMULATIVE_1';
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
17 Incr 1 1.40M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 17 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: CUMULATIVE_1
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_CUMULATIVE_1_np90r37b_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 17
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2879455 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2879455 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2879455 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2879455 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbfimage copy를 이용해서 incremental backup
백업 디렉터리 생성
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ ls
arch1 arch2 backup data_pump
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ cd backup/rman
[oracle@ora19c rman]$ ls
block_tracking.txt clone
[oracle@ora19c rman]$ mkdir incr
[oracle@ora19c rman]$ cd incr
[oracle@ora19c incr]$ pwd
/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr백업 삭제
RMAN> delete backup;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
10 10 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351592_np90brlg_.bkp
11 11 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCREMENTAL_0_np90bztc_.bkp
12 12 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351634_np90d2xl_.bkp
13 13 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCREMENTAL_1_1_np90mpch_.bkp
14 14 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351879_np90mqdy_.bkp
15 15 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCREMENTAL_1_2_np90nqyk_.bkp
16 16 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351913_np90ns3k_.bkp
17 17 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_CUMULATIVE_1_np90r37b_.bkp
18 18 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222352020_np90r4cj_.bkp
19 19 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222352798_np91jgn6_.bkp
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351592_np90brlg_.bkp RECID=10 STAMP=1222351592
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd0_INCREMENTAL_0_np90bztc_.bkp RECID=11 STAMP=1222351599
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351634_np90d2xl_.bkp RECID=12 STAMP=1222351634
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCREMENTAL_1_1_np90mpch_.bkp RECID=13 STAMP=1222351878
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351879_np90mqdy_.bkp RECID=14 STAMP=1222351879
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_INCREMENTAL_1_2_np90nqyk_.bkp RECID=15 STAMP=1222351911
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222351913_np90ns3k_.bkp RECID=16 STAMP=1222351913
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/backupset/2026_01_12/o1_mf_nnnd1_CUMULATIVE_1_np90r37b_.bkp RECID=17 STAMP=1222352019
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222352020_np90r4cj_.bkp RECID=18 STAMP=1222352020
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222352798_np91jgn6_.bkp RECID=19 STAMP=1222352798
Deleted 10 objects
RMAN> list backup;
specification does not match any backup in the repository
RMAN> list copy;
specification does not match any datafile copy in the repository
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORA19C
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
2 1 29 A 23-DEC-25
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_29_1218118200.arc
1 1 29 A 23-DEC-25
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_29_1218118200.arc
4 1 30 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_30_1218118200.arc
3 1 30 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_30_1218118200.arc
6 1 31 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_31_1218118200.arc
5 1 31 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_31_1218118200.arc
8 1 32 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_32_1218118200.arc
7 1 32 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_32_1218118200.arc
RMAN> delete copy;
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=32 device type=DISK
specification does not match any datafile copy in the repository
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORA19C
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
2 1 29 A 23-DEC-25
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_29_1218118200.arc
1 1 29 A 23-DEC-25
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_29_1218118200.arc
4 1 30 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_30_1218118200.arc
3 1 30 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_30_1218118200.arc
6 1 31 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_31_1218118200.arc
5 1 31 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_31_1218118200.arc
8 1 32 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_32_1218118200.arc
7 1 32 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_32_1218118200.arc
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_29_1218118200.arc RECID=2 STAMP=1222338343
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_29_1218118200.arc RECID=1 STAMP=1222338343
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_30_1218118200.arc RECID=4 STAMP=1222340134
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_30_1218118200.arc RECID=3 STAMP=1222340134
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_31_1218118200.arc RECID=6 STAMP=1222350309
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_31_1218118200.arc RECID=5 STAMP=1222350309
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_32_1218118200.arc RECID=8 STAMP=1222350773
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_32_1218118200.arc RECID=7 STAMP=1222350773
Deleted 8 objects
RMAN> list copy;
specification does not match any datafile copy in the repository
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
specification does not match any archived log in the repositoryimage copy를 이용해서 incremental level 0 backup
RMAN> run {
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format "/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/%U";
backup as copy tag 'incremental_0' incremental level 0 database;
backup as copy current controlfile;
}2> 3> 4> 5>
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=32 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
channel ch1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
output file name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7 tag=INCREMENTAL_0 RECID=6 STAMP=1222354346
channel ch1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ch1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de tag=INCREMENTAL_0 RECID=7 STAMP=1222354353
channel ch1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ch1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh tag=INCREMENTAL_0 RECID=8 STAMP=1222354357
channel ch1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ch1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
output file name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9do tag=INCREMENTAL_0 RECID=9 STAMP=1222354361
channel ch1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
channel ch1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0o4dn9dq tag=TAG20260112T145242 RECID=10 STAMP=1222354362
channel ch1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222354363_np931cdw_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
released channel: ch1- image copy는 incremnetal backup level 0만 가능
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format "/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/%U";수동으로 백업 위치 지정
[oracle@ora19c incr]$ ll
total 2118544
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10600448 Jan 12 14:52 cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0o4dn9dq
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 754982912 Jan 12 14:52 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 954212352 Jan 12 14:52 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 356524032 Jan 12 14:52 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 93069312 Jan 12 14:52 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9doRMAN> list copy;
specification does not match any archived log in the repository
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time Sparse
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- --------------- ------
6 1 A 12-JAN-26 2880856 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
7 3 A 12-JAN-26 2880862 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
8 4 A 12-JAN-26 2880866 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
9 7 A 12-JAN-26 2880871 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9do
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
List of Control File Copies
===========================
Key S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
10 A 12-JAN-26 2880892 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0o4dn9dq
Tag: TAG20260112T145242테이블 생성 및 데이터 입력
SYS@ora19c> create table hr.jan tablespace users as select * from hr.employees;
Table created.
SYS@ora19c> insert into hr.jan select * from hr.jan;
107 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> /
214 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> /
428 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> commit;
Commit complete.로그 스위치 발생
SYS@ora19c> select a.group#, a.sequence#, b.member, a.bytes/1024/1024 mb, a.archived, a.status, a.first_change#, to_char(first_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') first_time, a.next_change#, to_char(next_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') next_time
from v$log a, v$logfile b
where a.group# = b.group#; 2 3
SYS@ora19c> NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------------- ------------ -------------------
3 31 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/redo03.log 50 YES INACTIVE 2866214 2026-01-12 10:55:33 2876794 2026-01-12 13:45:08
2 33 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/redo02.log 50 NO CURRENT 2877905 2026-01-12 13:52:52 1.8447E+19
1 32 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/redo01.log 50 YES INACTIVE 2876794 2026-01-12 13:45:08 2877905 2026-01-12 13:52:52
SYS@ora19c> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SYS@ora19c> select a.group#, a.sequence#, b.member, a.bytes/1024/1024 mb, a.archived, a.status, a.first_change#, to_char(first_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') first_time, a.next_change#, to_char(next_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') next_time
2 from v$log a, v$logfile b
3 where a.group# = b.group#;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBER MB ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------------- ------------ -------------------
3 34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/redo03.log 50 NO CURRENT 2881184 2026-01-12 14:56:27 1.8447E+19
2 33 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/redo02.log 50 YES ACTIVE 2877905 2026-01-12 13:52:52 2881184 2026-01-12 14:56:27
1 32 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/redo01.log 50 YES INACTIVE 2876794 2026-01-12 13:45:08 2877905 2026-01-12 13:52:52
SYS@ora19c> select sequence#, name, first_change#, to_char(first_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') first_time, next_change#, to_char(next_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') next_time
from v$archived_log; 2
SEQUENCE# NAME FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------- ------------------- ------------ -------------------
29 2850110 2025-12-23 10:12:10 2863953 2026-01-12 10:25:42
29 2850110 2025-12-23 10:12:10 2863953 2026-01-12 10:25:42
30 2863953 2026-01-12 10:25:42 2866214 2026-01-12 10:55:33
30 2863953 2026-01-12 10:25:42 2866214 2026-01-12 10:55:33
31 2866214 2026-01-12 10:55:33 2876794 2026-01-12 13:45:08
31 2866214 2026-01-12 10:55:33 2876794 2026-01-12 13:45:08
32 2876794 2026-01-12 13:45:08 2877905 2026-01-12 13:52:52
32 2876794 2026-01-12 13:45:08 2877905 2026-01-12 13:52:52
33 /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_33_1218118200.arc 2877905 2026-01-12 13:52:52 2881184 2026-01-12 14:56:27
33 /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_33_1218118200.arc 2877905 2026-01-12 13:52:52 2881184 2026-01-12 14:56:27
10 rows selected.backupset으로 incremental level 1 backup
RMAN> run {
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format "/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/%U";
backup incremental level 1 database tag 'incremental_update';
backup as copy current controlfile;
}2> 3> 4> 5>
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=32 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/0q4dn9uu_1_1 tag=INCREMENTAL_UPDATE comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
channel ch1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0r4dn9v0 tag=TAG20260112T150152 RECID=11 STAMP=1222354912
channel ch1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222354913_np93lkjh_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
released channel: ch1
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
20 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T145243
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222354363_np931cdw_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2880901 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
21 Incr 1 6.94M DISK 00:00:01 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCREMENTAL_UPDATE
Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/0q4dn9uu_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 21
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
22 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T150153
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222354913_np93lkjh_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2881524 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26[oracle@ora19c ~]$ cd backup/rman/incr
[oracle@ora19c incr]$ ll
total 2136008
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 7282688 Jan 12 15:01 0q4dn9uu_1_1
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10600448 Jan 12 14:52 cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0o4dn9dq
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10600448 Jan 12 15:01 cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0r4dn9v0
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 754982912 Jan 12 14:52 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 954212352 Jan 12 14:52 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 356524032 Jan 12 14:52 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 93069312 Jan 12 14:52 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9doincremental level 0으로 받아놓은 image copy 백업본에 incremental level 1로 받아놓은 백업셋을 이용해서 udpate 적용
RMAN> run {
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format "/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/%U";
recover copy of database with tag 'incremental_0';
}2> 3> 4>
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=32 device type=DISK
Starting recover at 12-JAN-26
channel ch1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ch1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00001 name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7
recovering datafile copy file number=00003 name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de
recovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh
recovering datafile copy file number=00007 name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9do
channel ch1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/0q4dn9uu_1_1
channel ch1: piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/0q4dn9uu_1_1 tag=INCREMENTAL_UPDATE
channel ch1: restored backup piece 1
channel ch1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222355533_np945xw2_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
released channel: ch12026-01-12T15:12:12.824427+09:00
Incremental restore complete of datafile 7 to datafile copy /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9do
checkpoint is 2881495
last deallocation scn is 2878670
Incremental restore complete of datafile 4 to datafile copy /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh
checkpoint is 2881495
last deallocation scn is 2878401
Incremental restore complete of datafile 1 to datafile copy /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7
checkpoint is 2881495
last deallocation scn is 2783434
Incremental restore complete of datafile 3 to datafile copy /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de
checkpoint is 2881495
last deallocation scn is 2863997
2026-01-12T15:12:13.937199+09:00
Control autobackup written to DISK device
handle '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222355533_np945xw2_.bkp'RMAN> list copy;
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time Sparse
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- --------------- ------
14 1 A 12-JAN-26 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
15 3 A 12-JAN-26 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
13 4 A 12-JAN-26 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
12 7 A 12-JAN-26 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9do
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
List of Control File Copies
===========================
Key S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
11 A 12-JAN-26 2881516 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0r4dn9v0
Tag: TAG20260112T150152
10 A 12-JAN-26 2880892 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0o4dn9dq
Tag: TAG20260112T145242
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORA19C
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
10 1 33 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_33_1218118200.arc
9 1 33 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_33_1218118200.arc- Image Copy SCN : 2880856 → 2881495
- incremental level 1으로 백업 받은 Backupset을 이용해서 level 0으로 백업 받은 Image Copy를 최신 정보로 갱신해줌
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
20 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T145243
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222354363_np931cdw_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2880901 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
21 Incr 1 6.94M DISK 00:00:01 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCREMENTAL_UPDATE
Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/0q4dn9uu_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 21
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
22 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T150153
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222354913_np93lkjh_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2881524 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
23 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 23 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T151213
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222355533_np945xw2_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2882142 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26[oracle@ora19c incr]$ ll
total 2136008
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 7282688 Jan 12 15:01 0q4dn9uu_1_1
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10600448 Jan 12 14:52 cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0o4dn9dq
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10600448 Jan 12 15:01 cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0r4dn9v0
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 754982912 Jan 12 15:12 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 954212352 Jan 12 15:12 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 356524032 Jan 12 15:12 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 93069312 Jan 12 15:12 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9do다시 수행
SYS@ora19c> insert into hr.jan select * from hr.jan;
856 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> /
...
54784 rows created.
SYS@ora19c> commit;
Commit complete.RMAN> run {
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format "/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/%U";
backup incremental level 1 database tag 'incremental_update';
backup as copy current controlfile;
}2> 3> 4> 5>
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=32 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/0u4dnb1k_1_1 tag=INCREMENTAL_UPDATE comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
channel ch1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0v4dnb1o tag=TAG20260112T152024 RECID=16 STAMP=1222356024
channel ch1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222356025_np94o9c9_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
released channel: ch1
RMAN> run {
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format "/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/%U";
recover copy of database with tag 'incremental_0';
}2> 3> 4>
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=32 device type=DISK
Starting recover at 12-JAN-26
channel ch1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ch1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00001 name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7
recovering datafile copy file number=00003 name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de
recovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh
recovering datafile copy file number=00007 name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9do
channel ch1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/0u4dnb1k_1_1
channel ch1: piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/0u4dnb1k_1_1 tag=INCREMENTAL_UPDATE
channel ch1: restored backup piece 1
channel ch1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222356071_np94pqbf_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
released channel: ch1RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
20 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T145243
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222354363_np931cdw_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2880901 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
21 Incr 1 6.94M DISK 00:00:01 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCREMENTAL_UPDATE
Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/0q4dn9uu_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 21
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2881495 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
22 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T150153
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222354913_np93lkjh_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2881524 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
23 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 23 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T151213
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222355533_np945xw2_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2882142 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
24 Incr 1 9.91M DISK 00:00:01 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 24 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCREMENTAL_UPDATE
Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/0u4dnb1k_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 24
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 1 Incr 2882450 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 1 Incr 2882450 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 1 Incr 2882450 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 1 Incr 2882450 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
25 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 25 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T152025
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222356025_np94o9c9_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2882481 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
26 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 26 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T152111
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222356071_np94pqbf_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2882560 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26RMAN> list copy;
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time Sparse
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- --------------- ------
17 1 A 12-JAN-26 2882450 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
20 3 A 12-JAN-26 2882450 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
18 4 A 12-JAN-26 2882450 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
19 7 A 12-JAN-26 2882450 12-JAN-26 NO
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9do
Tag: INCREMENTAL_0
List of Control File Copies
===========================
Key S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
16 A 12-JAN-26 2882473 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0v4dnb1o
Tag: TAG20260112T152024
11 A 12-JAN-26 2881516 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0r4dn9v0
Tag: TAG20260112T150152
10 A 12-JAN-26 2880892 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0o4dn9dq
Tag: TAG20260112T145242
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORA19C
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
10 1 33 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_33_1218118200.arc
9 1 33 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_33_1218118200.arc[oracle@ora19c incr]$ ll
total 2156520
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 7282688 Jan 12 15:01 0q4dn9uu_1_1
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10403840 Jan 12 15:20 0u4dnb1k_1_1
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10600448 Jan 12 14:52 cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0o4dn9dq
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10600448 Jan 12 15:01 cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0r4dn9v0
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10600448 Jan 12 15:20 cf_D-ORA19C_id-1271306228_0v4dnb1o
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 754982912 Jan 12 15:21 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-3_0l4dn9de
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 954212352 Jan 12 15:21 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0k4dn9d7
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 356524032 Jan 12 15:21 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-4_0m4dn9dh
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 93069312 Jan 12 15:21 data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9do
[oracle@ora19c incr]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbfRMAN> alter database datafile 7 offline;
Statement processed
RMAN> restore datafile 7;
Starting restore at 12-JAN-26
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=32 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007
input datafile copy RECID=19 STAMP=1222356070 file name=/home/oracle/backup/rman/incr/data_D-ORA19C_I-1271306228_TS-USERS_FNO-7_0n4dn9do
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: copied datafile copy of datafile 00007, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
Finished restore at 12-JAN-26
RMAN> recover datafile 7;
Starting recover at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 12-JAN-26
RMAN> alter database datafile 7 online;
Statement processed
Recovery Catalog
- RMAN Repository 데이터는 항상 target database 컨트롤 파일에 저장
- recovery catalog 라는 별도의 데이터베이스에 저장할 수 있음
- recovery catalog는 별도의 데이터베이스 백업 정보를 보관하므로 컨트롤 파일이 손상되었을 때 복구 작업 시 유용
rcdb 디렉터리 생성
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ mkdir rcdb
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ cd rcdb
[oracle@ora19c rcdb]$ pwd
/home/oracle/rcdb백업 모두 삭제
RMAN> list backup;
specification does not match any backup in the repository
RMAN> list copy;
specification does not match any datafile copy in the repository
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
specification does not match any archived log in the repository압축된 백업셋 형태로 백업하면서, 현재 컨트롤파일까지 함께 포함해서 지정한 경로에 저장
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset format '/home/oracle/rcdb/%U_%T' database include current controlfile;
Starting backup at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/home/oracle/rcdb/1d4dneed_1_1_20260112 tag=TAG20260112T161821 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/home/oracle/rcdb/1e4dnefg_1_1_20260112 tag=TAG20260112T161821 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 12-JAN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222359538_np9832yw_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-JAN-26RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
32 Full 309.83M DISK 00:00:32 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 32 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20260112T161821
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rcdb/1d4dneed_1_1_20260112
List of Datafiles in backup set 32
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 Full 2885570 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 Full 2885570 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 2885570 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 Full 2885570 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
33 Full 1.05M DISK 00:00:01 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 33 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20260112T161821
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rcdb/1e4dnefg_1_1_20260112
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2885583 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
34 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 34 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T161858
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222359538_np9832yw_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2885592 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26[oracle@ora19c rcdb]$ ll
total 318360
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 324886528 Jan 12 16:18 1d4dneed_1_1_20260112
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1114112 Jan 12 16:18 1e4dnefg_1_1_20260112로그 스위치
RMAN> alter system archive log current;
Statement processed
RMAN> list archivelog all;
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORA19C
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
12 1 34 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch2/arch_1_34_1218118200.arc
11 1 34 A 12-JAN-26
Name: /home/oracle/arch1/arch_1_34_1218118200.arc
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ ls arch*
arch1:
arch_1_34_1218118200.arc
arch2:
arch_1_34_1218118200.arc rcdb 디렉터리에 아카이브 파일 복사
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ cp -v arch1/* /home/oracle/rcdb
‘arch1/arch_1_34_1218118200.arc’ -> ‘/home/oracle/rcdb/arch_1_34_1218118200.arc’
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ ls rcdb
1d4dneed_1_1_20260112 1e4dnefg_1_1_20260112 arch_1_34_1218118200.arcrcdb pfile 생성
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initrcdb.ora
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initrcdb.ora
*.compatible='19.0.0'
*.control_files='/home/oracle/rcdb/control01.ctl'
*.db_name='rcdb'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/rcdb/ mandatory'
*.log_archive_format='arch_%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.shared_pool_size=300m
db_file_name_convert=(/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/,/home/oracle/rcdb/)
log_file_name_convert=(/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/,/home/oracle/rcdb/)rcdb nomount 단계로 시작
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [ora19c] ? rcdb
ORACLE_HOME = [/home/oracle] ? /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 12 16:30:03 2026
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@rcdb> startup pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initrcdb.ora nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 385872048 bytes
Fixed Size 8896688 bytes
Variable Size 318767104 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 7876608 bytes
SYS@rcdb> select instance_name, status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
rcdb STARTED복제 DB 생성
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ rman auxiliary /
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 12 16:31:48 2026
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to auxiliary database: RCDB (not mounted)RMAN> run {
duplicate database to 'rcdb'
pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initrcdb.ora'
nofilenamecheck
backup location '/home/oracle/rcdb/';
}2> 3> 4> 5> 6>
Starting Duplicate Db at 12-JAN-26
searching for database ID
found backup of database ID 1271306228
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "create spfile from memory";
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: create spfile from memory
contents of Memory Script:
{
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 385872048 bytes
Fixed Size 8896688 bytes
Variable Size 318767104 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 7876608 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''ORA19C'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =
''rcdb'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone force nomount
restore clone primary controlfile from '/home/oracle/rcdb/1e4dnefg_1_1_20260112';
alter clone database mount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORA19C'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''rcdb'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 385872048 bytes
Fixed Size 8896688 bytes
Variable Size 318767104 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 7876608 bytes
Starting restore at 12-JAN-26
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=178 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/control01.ctl
Finished restore at 12-JAN-26
database mounted
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=178 device type=DISK
RMAN-05158: WARNING: auxiliary (bctfile) file name /home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt conflicts with a file used by the target database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 2885647;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/home/oracle/rcdb/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/home/oracle/rcdb/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/home/oracle/rcdb/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 7 to
"/home/oracle/rcdb/users01.dbf";
restore
clone database
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /home/oracle/rcdb/system01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /home/oracle/rcdb/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /home/oracle/rcdb/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /home/oracle/rcdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rcdb/1d4dneed_1_1_20260112
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rcdb/1d4dneed_1_1_20260112 tag=TAG20260112T161821
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 12-JAN-26
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=1222360646 file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/system01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=1222360646 file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=1222360646 file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=1222360646 file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/users01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 2885647;
recover
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 12-JAN-26
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 34 is already on disk as file /home/oracle/rcdb/arch_1_34_1218118200.arc
archived log file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/arch_1_34_1218118200.arc thread=1 sequence=34
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 12-JAN-26
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 385872048 bytes
Fixed Size 8896688 bytes
Variable Size 318767104 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 7876608 bytes
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "RCDB" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ( '/home/oracle/rcdb/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 2 ( '/home/oracle/rcdb/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 3 ( '/home/oracle/rcdb/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE
DATAFILE
'/home/oracle/rcdb/system01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/home/oracle/rcdb/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
catalog clone datafilecopy "/home/oracle/rcdb/sysaux01.dbf",
"/home/oracle/rcdb/undotbs01.dbf",
"/home/oracle/rcdb/users01.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /home/oracle/rcdb/temp01.dbf in control file
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=1222360660
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=1222360660
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=1222360660
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=1222360660 file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=1222360660 file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=1222360660 file name=/home/oracle/rcdb/users01.dbf
Reenabling controlfile options for auxiliary database
Executing: alter database enable block change tracking using file '/home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt'
Oracle error from auxiliary database: ORA-19751: could not create the change tracking file
ORA-19750: change tracking file: '/home/oracle/backup/rman/block_tracking.txt'
ORA-27038: created file already exists
Additional information: 1
Ignoring error, reattempt command after duplicate finishes
contents of Memory Script:
{
Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 12-JAN-26
RMAN> report schema;
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name RCDB
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 910 SYSTEM *** /home/oracle/rcdb/system01.dbf
3 720 SYSAUX *** /home/oracle/rcdb/sysaux01.dbf
4 340 UNDOTBS1 *** /home/oracle/rcdb/undotbs01.dbf
7 88 USERS *** /home/oracle/rcdb/users01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 32 TEMP 32767 /home/oracle/rcdb/temp01.dbfRMAN> select instance_name, status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
rcdb OPEN
RMAN> select dbid, name, log_mode from v$database;
DBID NAME LOG_MODE
---------- --------- ------------
2078830292 RCDB ARCHIVELOG
RMAN> select file_id, tablespace_name, file_name, bytes/1024/1024 mb, autoextensible from dba_data_files;
FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MB AUT
---------- ---
1 SYSTEM
/home/oracle/rcdb/system01.dbf
910 YES
3 SYSAUX
/home/oracle/rcdb/sysaux01.dbf
720 YES
7 USERS
/home/oracle/rcdb/users01.dbf
88.75 YES
4 UNDOTBS1
/home/oracle/rcdb/undotbs01.dbf
340 YES오라클 인스턴스 - ORACLE_HOME 경로 자동 매핑
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ vi /etc/oratab
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ tail /etc/oratab
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively. The third field indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
ora19c:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1:N
rcdb:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1:N # <- 추가# $ORACLE_HOME 위치 안 물어봄
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [ora19c] ? rcdb
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 12 17:33:31 2026
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SYS@rcdb>테이블스페이스 생성
RMAN> create tablespace rc_tbs datafile '/home/oracle/rcdb/rc_tbs01.dbf' size 10m autoextend on;
Statement processed
RMAN> select file_id, tablespace_name, file_name, bytes/1024/1024 mb, autoextensible from dba_data_files;
FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MB AUT
---------- ---
1 SYSTEM
/home/oracle/rcdb/system01.dbf
910 YES
3 SYSAUX
/home/oracle/rcdb/sysaux01.dbf
720 YES
5 RC_TBS
/home/oracle/rcdb/rc_tbs01.dbf
10 YES
7 USERS
/home/oracle/rcdb/users01.dbf
88.75 YES
4 UNDOTBS1
/home/oracle/rcdb/undotbs01.dbf
340 YESrc_user 생성 및 권한 부여(connect, resource, revoery_catalog_owner)
RMAN> create user rc_user
identified by oracle
default tablespace rc_tbs
temporary tablespace temp
quota unlimited on rc_tbs;
Statement processed
RMAN> grant connect, resource, recovery_catalog_owner to rc_user;
Statement processed
rc_user 접속
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ sqlplus rc_user/oracle
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 12 17:39:11 2026
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
RC_USER@rcdb> select * from session_roles;
ROLE
------------------------------
CONNECT
RESOURCE
SODA_APP
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER
RC_USER@rcdb> select * from role_sys_privs;
ROLE PRIVILEGE ADM COM INH
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --- --- ---
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE VIEW NO NO NO
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE PROCEDURE NO NO NO
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SEQUENCE NO NO NO
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SYNONYM NO NO NO
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TABLE NO NO NO
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SESSION NO NO NO
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TRIGGER NO NO NO
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE CLUSTER NO NO NO
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TYPE NO NO NO
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE DATABASE LINK NO NO NO
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER ALTER SESSION NO NO NO
RESOURCE CREATE SEQUENCE NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE PROCEDURE NO YES YES
CONNECT CREATE SESSION NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE CLUSTER NO YES YES
CONNECT SET CONTAINER NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE TABLE NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE TRIGGER NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE TYPE NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE OPERATOR NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE INDEXTYPE NO YES YES
21 rows selected.
RC_USER@rcdb> select * from role_tab_privs;
ROLE OWNER TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME PRIVILEGE GRA COM INH
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --- --- ---
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER SYS DBMS_LOCK EXECUTE NO NO NO
SODA_APP XDB JSON$USER_COLLECTION_METADATA READ NO YES YES
SODA_APP XDB DBMS_SODA_ADMIN EXECUTE NO YES YES
SODA_APP XDB DBMS_SODA_USER_ADMIN EXECUTE NO YES YESrman catalog 접속
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ rman catalog rc_user/oracle
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 12 17:40:49 2026
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to recovery catalog databasecatalog 생성
RMAN> create catalog;
recovery catalog createdora19c target db 작업
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@ora19c admin]$ ls
listener.ora listener.txt samples shrept.lst tnsnames.ora
[oracle@ora19c admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
[oracle@ora19c admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORA19C =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19c)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ora19c)
)
)
LISTENER_ORA19C =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19c)(PORT = 1521))
XE =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.22.17)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = XE)
)
)
# 아래 추가
rcdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19c)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = rcdb)
)
)[oracle@ora19c admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 12-JAN-2026 17:47:19
Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora19c)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 12-DEC-2025 14:24:03
Uptime 31 days 3 hr. 23 min. 15 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora19c/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora19c)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=ora19c)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora19c/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "ora19c" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora19c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora19cXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora19c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "rcdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "rcdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
# rcdb tns 접속 가능
[oracle@ora19c admin]$ tnsping rcdb
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 12-JAN-2026 17:47:31
Copyright (c) 1997, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19c)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = rcdb)))
OK (0 msec)target DB와 catalog DB 동시 접속
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [ora19c] ?
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ rman target / catalog rc_user/oracle@rcdb
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 12 17:49:15 2026
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA19C (DBID=1271306228)
connected to recovery catalog database
catalog db에 현재 db 정보 등록
RMAN> register database;
database registered in recovery catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync completecatalog db에서 rc_user로 접속
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [rcdb] ?
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@ora19c ~]$ sqlplus rc_user/oracle
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 12 17:51:35 2026
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Mon Jan 12 2026 17:49:17 +09:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
RC_USER@rcdb> select * from rc_database;
DB_KEY DBINC_KEY DBID NAME RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS FINAL_CHANGE#
---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------------- --------- -------------
1 2 1271306228 ORA19C 1920977 25-NOV-25
RC_USER@rcdb> select db_name, tablespace_name, name from rc_datafile;
DB_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME NAME
-------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
ORA19C SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
ORA19C SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
ORA19C UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
ORA19C USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf ora19c target db
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
171 Full 309.83M DISK 00:00:32 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 174 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20260112T161821
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rcdb/1d4dneed_1_1_20260112
List of Datafiles in backup set 171
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----
1 Full 2885570 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/system01.dbf
3 Full 2885570 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 2885570 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/undotbs01.dbf
7 Full 2885570 12-JAN-26 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA19C/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
172 Full 1.05M DISK 00:00:01 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 175 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20260112T161821
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rcdb/1e4dnefg_1_1_20260112
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2885583 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
173 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 12-JAN-26
BP Key: 176 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20260112T161858
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA19C/autobackup/2026_01_12/o1_mf_s_1222359538_np9832yw_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 12-JAN-26
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA19C
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2885592 Ckp time: 12-JAN-26
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